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Fc receptor
An Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells – including, among others, B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells – that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system.
Its name is derived from its binding specificity for a part of an ''antibody'' known as the ''Fc (Fragment, crystallizable) region''. Fc receptors bind to antibodies that are attached to infected cells or invading pathogens. Their activity stimulates phagocytic or cytotoxic cells to destroy microbes, or infected cells by ''antibody-mediated phagocytosis'' or ''antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity''. Some viruses such as flaviviruses use Fc receptors to help them infect cells, by a mechanism known as ''antibody-dependent enhancement of infection''.
==Classes of Fc receptor==
There are several different types of Fc receptors (abbreviated FcR), which are classified based on the type of antibody that they recognize. The Latin letter used to identify a type of antibody is converted into the corresponding Greek letter, which is placed after the 'Fc' part of the name. For example, those that bind the most common class of antibody, IgG, are called ''Fc-gamma receptors'' (FcγR), those that bind IgA are called ''Fc-alpha receptors'' (FcαR) and those that bind IgE are called ''Fc-epsilon receptors'' (FcεR).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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